It also determines the growth opportunities and condition of the birds during rearing ( Lin et al., 2018). ![]() The weight of the goslings is one of the quality elements of the newly hatched offspring. The weight of hatching goose eggs may have an impact on the quality of 1-day-old goslings in the short and long term ( Salamon, 2020). Therefore, it can be suggested that goslings from such geese will be smaller. According to Kuźniacka et al. (2019), the smallest hatching eggs are obtained from geese in the 1st year of reproduction, compared to the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th yr. The weight of the hatching egg is correlated with the weight of the chick ( Mitrović et al., 2018). The further growth of the birds depends on the quality of the hatched goslings, which affects the quality of the obtained raw material ( Damaziak et al., 2021). Geese are characterized by a low level of laying, as well as hatchability and high embryo mortality ( Łukaszewicz et al., 2019). As scientists point out, the quality of hatched goslings depends on many factors, including the age of the parent flock. In Europe, it is the season from February to June ( Gumułka and Połtowicz, 2020). Geese are characterized by a seasonal reproductive cycle. The reproductive flocks of geese are kept for four years, and their offspring make up about 98% of the geese used for meat production, known as the "oat goose" ( Kłopotek, 2018). Goose meat is popular on the food market, and its properties are considered beneficial for consumers due to its high protein quality, low cholesterol content, and high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( Razmaitė et al., 2022 Wereńska et al., 2022). Despite this, the popularity of the goose industry is growing in European countries. Six to 7 kilos ( Łukaszewicz et al., 2008 Janicki et al., 2011), and their characteristic feature is a relatively higher proportion of fat (subcutaneous or abdominal fat) compared to other poultry species ( Murawska, 2013 Haraf et al., 2014). Sisteen-wk-old geese are characterized by a body of approx. It is a commercial W31 hybrid made from the W11 and W33 lines ( Gumułka and Połtowicz, 2020). It is reasonable to hatch goslings for fattening from parent flocks during 4 years of reproductive use.Ī commonly kept goose in Poland is White Kołuda. Geese from different ages’ parent flocks don't differ in the carcass features (the compensation phenomenon). ![]() No significant differences were found in the remaining features. However, the share of abdominal fat was higher in females. Males were characterized by a higher weight of carcass parts. The body measurements of ganders were significantly higher compared to females, except for the length of the jump. In 1-day-old male goslings, a higher diameter of muscle fibers was demonstrated than in females. From 4 wkof age, the males had a higher body weight. ![]() The growth rate in this group was higher than in groups III (2nd wk) and IV (1st wk). Lower body weight of geese from group I was demonstrated at 0, 1, 7, 10 to 12 wk compared to birds from older geese. Hatchability performance was similar in all groups. The results were analyzed in terms of the age of the parent flock and the sex of oat geese. The dissection was performed and the tissue composition of the carcasses was analyzed, including the percentage of carcass elements. Body measurements were taken on the day of slaughter (6 birds/each group). The body weight of the geese and the growth rate were analyzed. ![]() From the 1-day-old goslings and at the end of the fattening period, the pectoral muscles were sampled to evaluate the muscle fibers. The geese were reared and fattened for 16 wk, (sex ratio of 1:1). 40 goslings were selected from each group. The hatching eggs from the White Kołuda geese from the 1st to 4th laying season were incubated by the waterfowl hatching technology. The study aimed to assess the hatchability of goslings from parent flocks of geese in 4 laying seasons and to analyze the growth, carcass, and muscles characteristics.
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